| Descriptive Attribute | Value(s) |
|---|---|
| Type | Warriors, Horses, and Chariots |
| Title | Chariot Model Group |
| Excavation Unit | 10 |
| Stratigraphic Unit | 1099.049 & 1099.153 |
| Context | Found separately in two pieces (EU 10/SU 1099.049 and EU 10/SU 1099.153) in the construction fill of the hard-packed floor layer associated with the Hellenistic-Roman phase of the sanctuary. |
| Current Location | Larnaka District Archaeological Museum, Cyprus |
| Material | Terracotta |
| Height (cm) | 12.46 |
| Width (cm) | 9.805 |
| Date | 600 – 500 BCE |
| Thickness (cm) | 9.335 |
| Weight (kg) | 0.35 |
| Description | Handmade terracotta chariot model (three pieces, now joined) with chariot box and attachment points of three figures preserved. The chariot box is roughly square, missing the top of the upper left guard. A hole for an axle is preserved at the bottom right; the left axle is broken off within the fitting. The beginnings of two draft poles are preserved on the upper front guard (similar to other chariots from Malloura). The chariot box is divided into two compartments by a central partition, which ends at the rear of the box in a vertical loop. The lower bodies of a charioteer and two passengers (likely warriors) are preserved inside: two pressed against the inner front of the box on either side of the central partition, and a third standing behind the rear loop with the lower body and separated left hand attached to the loop preserved. All three cylindrical torsos were smoothed onto the floor with no legs articulated. The upper rear of the right guard is pierced with a circular hole. A broken cylinder of clay attached to the right exterior guard may represent a spear held by the right charioteer. A circular shield decorated with piercings passim is attached to the exterior right guard. A small, attached piece of clay on top of the rear right guard might represent the hand of the third back passenger. The back of the chariot box is open; the rear floor ends in a thin, overhanging lip that creates a platform. The bottom of the chariot is semi-hollow, revealing the axle cavities. There are traces of red pigment on the proper right exterior, shield, and spear, as well as faint traces on the exterior of the front. The fabric is a light gray (2.5Y 7/2). |
| Commentary | AAP-AM-589+1193 is similar to numerous chariot models dedicated at sanctuaries of male deities throughout Cyprus in the CA period, especially in the sixth century BCE. This Malloura chariot is somewhat similar to the small, handmade chariot models from the sanctuary of Apollo Hylates at Kourion (Young and Young 1955: pls. 26–27). Yet, the Malloura chariot is executed in a unique local style, characterized by larger, complex chariot boxes and schematic handmade riders with different headdresses (when preserved). The box with vertical loop and three passengers is similar to a more complete chariot model from the Michaelides Collection, now in the Cyprus Museum (Crouwel 1987: 107, no. 50, pl. XXXIX: 2; Karageorghis 1995: 104, cat. no. 4, pl. LV: 4), and larger examples with similar interior arrangements with three passengers come from Ayia Irini and Meniko-Litharkes (Karageorghis 1995: 108–10, cat. nos. 5–6, 9–10, pls. LIX, LX, LXII, LXIII). Bronze loops like the ones depicted on this model have been found in association with an actual chariot from the Salamis necropolis (Karageorghis 1973: 73, 79, pl. CCLXXVI: no. 220/2). Models such as AAP-AM-589+1193 are not accurate depictions of chariots, but instead represent stylized versions, schematically rendered by coroplasts. It is notable that at Malloura and other sanctuaries, terracotta chariot models are often overtly militaristic, with armed warriors as passengers, while the few limestone representations of chariots (see AAP-AM-4360) at Malloura and elsewhere contain unarmed dignitaries, emphasizing the use of these vehicles in war and processions. The link between terracotta war chariot models and male sanctuaries (especially those of Apollo) links this type with male deities on Cyprus. |
| Bibliography | Averett 2011: 137, fig. 10.4 |
| Sketchfab Media URL |
Alternate link to 3D Model: https://sketchfab.com/3d-models/aap-am-05891193-448a7f0392b6453cb0fb3c1105dd8cd6
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| Descriptive Attribute | Value(s) |
|---|---|
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Consists of
Vocabulary: CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model (CRM) |
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Has type
Vocabulary: CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model (CRM) |
sculpture (visual works)
Vocabulary: Getty Art and Architecture Thesaurus Open Context References: sculpture (visual works) |
Suggested Citation
Derek Counts, Erin Averett, Kevin Garstki. (2020) "AAP-AM-589+1193 from Europe/Cyprus/Athienou-Malloura". In Visualizing Votive Practice: Exploring Limestone and Terracotta Sculpture from Athienou-Malloura through 3D Models. Derek B. Counts, Erin Walcek Averett, Kevin Garstki, Michael Toumazou (Ed). Released: 2020-07-28. Open Context. <https://opencontext.org/subjects/1c7a10a6-1208-42a2-8b7c-d52ac7b1bee3> ARK (Archive): https://n2t.net/ark:/28722/k2571rt6q
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