Document Content
August 4, 1994
A.M.
Excavated meters Y/14 and Y-Z/13 down to 185cm. The soil throughout was dark brown with large quantities of carbon. Some of the larger pieces of carbon were brought down for analysis (#27, p.177)
A massive amount of material was recovered, 32 latte boxes of pottery and bone. Although there was large quantities of material there were no full profiles found and the pottery seemed very fragmentory and mixed up. A full cassetta of tile and plaster was also recovered. Beneath the dark brown there was some greyer soil with flecks of carbon. An impasto base (#9) was found resting, upside down, on this soil but the layer does not seem to be a floor because it appeared uneven , sloping down to the north. The small protion of this soil which was excavated did produce material.
The Trench was swept for final photos and backfill.
19940159
- Find 4
- Y/14
- 175-185cm
- impasto base ?
19940129
- Find 5
- Y/14
- 175-180cm
- painted pottery
19940117
- Find 6
- Y/14-13
- 170-180cm
- cut bone ring
19940127
- Find 12
- Y/13
- 180cm
- painted pottery
19940133
- Find 15
- Y/13
- 175-185cm
- spindle whorl
19940126
19940126
- Find 17
- Z/13
- 170-180cm
- stamped rochetto
19940116
- Find 22
- Y-Z/13-14
- 170-185cm
- cut? bone
19940164
- Find 28
- Supplemental found in dry brush
- Y-Z/13-14
- 170-185cm
- Bucchero knob
final trench
Uncataloged Find Lis t
Object Grid Depth Page
worked bone baulktrim 7
bronzetackshaft baulktrim 7
gorgonfrag of antefix baulktrim 11
painted pottery baulktrim 11
square bronzr frag baulktrim 13
pithos frag w carbonized
seeds baulktrim 13
painted creamware baulktrim 13
ridged impasto baulktrim 15
incised bucchero rim baulktrim 17
poss. cut tooth baulktrim 17
carbonized wood,cut? Y-Z/13 110-120 19
incised impasto Y-Z/13 110-120 21
impasto handle w notches Z/13 110-120 21
cut,carbonized wood Y/14 110-120 21
frieze plaque carvetto Y/15 110 25
incised bucchero rim Z/13 120-125 29
bronze pin shaft Y/13 125 29
rectangular pin shaft Y/13 125 29
poss. vitrified plaster Y/13 120-125 29
bronze Y-Z/13 120-130 29
incised greyware rim Y/16 100-115 31
incised impasto rim Y/18 118 31
Object Grid Depth Page
creamware rim Y-Z/13-14 120-130 31
ridged impasto rim Y/13 123 37
incised bucchero rim Y/13 123 37
incised bucchero Y-Z/13 120-130 37
iron tuk 19940144
19940144
painted creamware Y/16 baulktrim 39
ridged impasto rim Z/13 baulktrim 39
poss. ionicpottery Y-Z/18 125-140 39
ridge pole fragment Y-Z/18 125-135 43
? frieze plaque frag Y-Z/18 125-135 45
incised impasto Y-Z/16 130-140 47
Bronze sheet Y/18 122 49
ridged impasto Z/18-17 150 61
ionic pottery Z/18 153 61
slag Y/18 150-170 65
sima carvetto frag Y-Z/19-20 105-120 65
coarseware vessel Y/17-18 120 65
slag Z/18 141 71
ridged impasto rim Y/14 120-130 77
vitrified material w bronze Y/13 130-135 79
antler frag Y/13 130-135 79
ridged impasto ware Y/14 130 81
impasto w carination Z/14 120-135 81
Object Grid Depth Page
incised bucchero Y-Z/13-14 120-130 81
impasto rim Y-Z/14 120-130 83
painted pottery Z/14 129 85
incised buccheroid rim Z/14 120-130 87
incised bucchero rim Z/13 132 87
incised impasto rim Y-Z/13-14 129 87
slag Z/13 127 87
slag Z/14 130 87
grooved impasto rim Z/15 136 89
carbonized seed Z/16 140-150 89
vitrified material w bronze Z/16 140-150 89
slag Y-Z/15 130-140 91
incised buccheroid rim Y-Z/15 130-135 91
chalky pink stone Y-Z/15 130-140 93
lead cylinder Y-Z/15 130-140 93
covertilefrag w ridge Z/15 147 93
incised bucchero rim Z/14 ca 135 93
ridged impasto rim Z/14 135 95
incised buccheroid rim Z/14 130-140 95
ridged impasto rim Z/14 130-140 95
impasto grooved rim Z/14 130-140 95
cut bone Y/14 125-140 97
incised bucchero rim Y-Z/14 130-140 97
Object Grid Depth Page
ridged impasto Y/14 125-140 97
painted creamware frag Z/13 135-140 103
ridged impasto rim Y-Z/13 130-140 103
poss. ionic pottery Y-Z/13 130-140 103
vitrified material w bronze Y-Z/15 140-150 107
incised bucchero Z/14 140-145 109
slag Y-Z/13-14 140-145 111
poss. ionic pottery Y-Z/13-14 140-145 111
ridged impsto rim Z/13 140-145 111
slag Y-Z/13-14 140-145 111
slag Z/13 145 113
double rope handle Z/13 148 113
incised bucchero Y-Z/13 138-148 113
painted creamware Y-Z/13-15 140-155 113
painted vessel frag Y-Z/13-15 140-155 112
unusual terracotta Y/14 130-150 115
slag Y/13 151 117
incised impasto rim Y/14 baulktrim 117
ridged impasto Y/13 140-145 117
terracotta strut Y/14 124 117
ridged impastp rim Y/13 140-145 119
ridged impasto rim Y/13 130-150 119
incised bucchero rim Y/13 130-145 125
Object Grid Depth Page
oinochoe handle base Z/13-14 130-155 125
incised bucchero Z/14 157 129
incised rim Y-Z/13-14 155-160 129
incised impasto Y-Z/13-14 155-160 129
incised bucchero rim Y/14 163 133
incised impasto rim Z/15 160-170 137
carbonized material w seeds? Z/16 160-170 137
incised pottery poss painted Y/13-14 155-160 137
bronze codder fin Z/15 160-165 137
bronze coil Z/15-16 160-165 137
ridged impasto Y-Z/15 165-170 137
ridged impasto Y-Z/15 170-180 141
ridged impasto Y-Z/16 170-180 141
fenestrated vessel frag Y/16 170-175 141
ridged impasto Y-Z/15 170-190 141
ridged coarseware rim Y/13 159 143
incised impasto rim Y-Z/15-16 170-180 143
incised bucchero Y-Z/15 170-185 143
incised terracotta Z/16 170-185 143
ridged impasto rim Y-Z/15 170-185 145
ridged impasto rim Y-13 158 145
unusual terracotta Y-Z/15 170-185 145
bronze Y-Z/15 170-185 145
Object Grid Depth Page
unusual terracotta Y-Z/16 170-180 147
painted creamware Y/15 160-185 149
slag Z/14 160 149
ridged impasto Y/14 160-185 151
slag Z/14 160 151
ridged impasto rim Z/15 160-185 151
incised impasto Y/14 150-160 151
incised bucchero rim Z/15 120-175 153
incised bucchero rim Y/15 180-185 153
creamware rim Y-Z/14 160 153
bronze sheet Y/13-14 160-170 157
ridged impasto Y/13-14 160-170 157
ridged bucchero Y/13-14 160-170 157
incised impasto Y/13-14 160-170 159
incised bucchero Y/13-14 160-165 161
grooved impasto Y/14 160-165 163
incised impasto Z/13 160-170 163
tondo Z/16 189 165
ridged impasto Y-Z/13-14 160-170 165
ridged buccheroid rim Y/14 170-180 169
ridged impasto rim Y/14 170-180 169
ridged bucchero Y/14 170-180 169
impasto base Y/14 175-185 169
Object Grid Depth Page
incised bucchero Y/13-14 170-180 171
incised rim Y/13 170-180 171
impasto base Y/13 181 171
conical foot Y/13 178 171
incised bucchero Y/13 170-185 171
incised bucchero rim Y/13 170-185 173
ridged impasto rim Y/13 170-185 173
antler Z/13 170 173
incised impasto rim Z/13 170-185 175
ridged impasto rim Z/13 170-185 175
incised impasto rim Z/13 170-185 175
Handle Z/13 170-185 175
Bronze Y-Z/13-14 170-185 175
Bronze Y-Z/13-14 170-185 175
ridged bucchero Y-Z/13-14 170-185 177
ridged bucchero Y-Z/13-14 170-185 177
Carbon Y-Z/13-14 170-185 177
Bucchero Knob Y-Z/13-14 170-185 177
perforated base Y-Z/13-14 170-185 177
Stratigraphic Summary
Due to previous excavation in T25, only the strata encountered below 110cm bd. will be summarized. only three distinct strata were excavated and as work progressed it became apparent that all the remaining strata sloped down to the north-east.
A stratum of yellow-brown soil was found across the entire trench. Only 10cm of this soil was preserved on the west end of the trench; but it sloped down to the east and was roughly 40cm thick in meter 16. However, in meters 17 and 18 it extended even deeper and was still present at 190cm bd. - the final level of the trench for this season. This soil produced very little material. However, a variety of Upper Building terracottas were found - three frieze plaque types, raking sima and gorgon antefix fragments.
It should be noted that in the east baulk of meter 18, at roughly 140cm bd a thin stratum (less than 10 cm) of burnt, decayed plaster and some carbon was evident (see section p74). However, it faded out in the norht bulk section.
An anomalous stratographic feature was discovered in the noth baulk of meter 17. As excavation
proceeded, it became clear that there was a square section (75cm wide) of lighter soil with small stones and no evident ceramic material. The bottom of this feature was ar roughly 160cm bd. but the top was not easily discernable. This is possilbly a trench feature.
Beneath the yellow-brown soil in meters Y-Z/13-16 was a stratum of dark soil with heavy plaster inclusions and carbon. It was roughly 30cm thick and sloped down to the east. Three irregular lines of stones were found within this stratum - The first in meter 14 (p.149) and the other two in meter 16 (p.154). The lines in meter 16 were left in situ at the end of the season. It should be noted that this stratum seems to end at the eastern most stone line, and the yellow-brown soil is on the other side of the line. This stratum was very productive in terms of bone, pottery, and plaster, with very little tile. Portions of this stratum are preserved in the trench in meters Y-Z/15-16, where the floor level is 185cm bd.
The third, and final stratum excavated
this year was confined to the area of meters Y-Z/13-14. It was roughly 25cm thick (ca 160-185cm bd). The soil ws dark brown with heavy inclusions of carbon, much less plaster than the stratum described above. This soil was increadibly productive of both ceramic and bone. Beneath this stratum, the top layer of the next stratum was apparent in places. It was greenish-brown soil with plaster and carbon and may be associated with the dark brown soil with just carbon but the section (see p.130) suggests separate depostions.
Pottery Summary
This season's work in T25 produced a massive amount of material, occupying five tables in the magazino. The majority of the material was recovered from the two burn strata. Due to the quantity and preservation of this material it was all saved and laid out on two tables in the magazino, according to fabric. The material from the different burn strata were isolated on separate tables. The material from the yellow-brown soil and baulk trim were boxed in Rap Box. The pottery was all fragmentary and highly mixed/disturbed. The shards from the burn strata often show signs of burning, but are not heavily worn. Many diagnostic pieces were recovered also. The pottery in the yellow-brown stratum was much less frequent and more worn.
Percentage of ceramic material from the three strata :
yellow-brown soil 10%
darkbrown with plaster & carbon 45%
darkbrown with carbon 45%
Diagnostic percentage by fabric per region:
Baulktrim: coarseware/pithos - 80% bodysherds
9% rims
9% handles
2% bases
impasto - 85% bodysherds
11% rims
4% bases
orange/redware - 80% bodysherds
17% rims
3% handles
bucchero/buccheroid - 60% bodysherds
20% rims
15% bases
5% handles
creamware - 70% bodysherds
30% rims
yellow-brown soil: coarseware/pithos - 90% body sherds
6% rims
3% bases
1% handles
impasto - 90% bodysherds
4.5% rims
4% bases
0.5% handles
orange/redware - 97% bodysherds
2% bases
1% rims
bucchero/buccheroid - 90% bodysherds
10% rims
creamware 100% bodysherds
Darkbrown with plaster and carbon:
coarseware/pithos - 60% bodysherds
18% rims
14% bases
8% handles
impasto - 87% bodysherds
6.5% rims
6% bases
0.5% handles
orange/redware - 80% bodysherds
13% rims
4% bases
3% handles
bucchero/buccheroid - 55% bodysherds
25% rims
8% bases
12% handles
creamware - 76% bodysherds
8% rims
8% bases
8% handles
greyware - 82% bodysherds
18% handles
Darkbrown with carbon : coarseware/pithos - 80% bodysherds
12% rims
5% bases
3% handles
impasto - 70% bodysherds
20% rims
9% bases
1% handles
orange/redware - 95% bodysherds
3.5% rims
0.5% bases
1% handles
bucchero/buccheroid - 60% bodysherds
16% bases
15% rims
8% handles
1% lids
creamware - 90% bodysherds
5% rims
5% handles
greyware - 50% bodysherds
25% rims
25% bases
Diagnostic Profiles pp.211 - 225:
Bone Summary:
Bone was found throughout the trench. It was usually fragmentary and burnt occassionally. A few fragments of shell were also found and included with the bone. The largest quantities of bone came from the two burn strata.
Baulktrim produced 9/10 of a litre of bone as well as a few cut pieces of bone
The yellow-brown soil produced 1 1/8 litres of bone. Cut bone pieces were also found in this strata.
The darkbrown plaster/carbon soil produced 5 1/4 litres of bone fragments. Cut bone and other fragments were frequent including p.31#8, p.79#5, p.103#2, p.125#5, p.147#15.
The darkbrown carbon soil produced the most bone - 7 litres. Several pieces of cut bone and antler were also found - p-157#2, p.159#9, p.163#18, and p.171#6.
Metal summary:
Metals like bronze were found throughout the trench, but they were most prominent in the darkbrown plaster carbon soil.
Small pieces of bronze were bagged and wighed for each stratum:
Baulktrim - 1gram.
yellow-brown soil - less than 1gram
darkbrown carbon/plaster soil - 2 grams
darkbrown soil with carbon - 1 gram
Although there were a few metal finds in all strata the best preserved and greatest variety came from the darkbrown soil wiht carbon and plaster. Bronze pieces include a bronze fishhhook (p.119#10), a bronze sheet with nail holes (p.133#2), bronze shaft with hole (p.137#1), and a bronze codderpin (p.137#5). An iron tuck (p.39#1) and a lead cylinder (p.93#4) were also found in this stratum. Numerous fragments of bronze slag and vitrified material with bronze were excavated in this stratum as well (p.81#7 & #9, and p.89#11, p.183#3 for example). It should be noted that a bellows pipe fragment was also found (p.73#4).
Supplemental Finds:
19940173
-
Find #1
-
Y-Z/13-14
-
incomplete profile of a bucchero kantharos
-
built from pottery table in 1996
-
| Descriptive Attribute | Value(s) |
|---|---|
| Document Type | Trench Book Entry |
| Trench Book Entry Date | 1994-08-04 |
| Entry Year | 1994 |
| Start Page | 167 |
| End Page | 231 |
| Title | August 4, 1994 |
| Descriptive Attribute | Value(s) |
|---|---|
|
Is Part Of
Vocabulary: DCMI Metadata Terms (Dublin Core Terms) |
AMC I
Vocabulary: Murlo |
Suggested Citation
Alexis M. Christensen. (2017) "AMC I (1994-08-04):167-231; August 4, 1994 from Europe/Italy/Poggio Civitate/Tesoro/Tesoro 25/1994, ID:105/PC 19940179". In Murlo. Anthony Tuck (Ed). Released: 2017-10-04. Open Context. <https://opencontext.org/documents/253bddb8-fd06-44e8-9068-fcecd650fc8d> ARK (Archive): https://n2t.net/ark:/28722/k2c25627c
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